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Livingston-Insel
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
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Die Livingston-Insel (englisch Livingston Island) ist die zweitgrΓΆΓte Insel der SΓΌdlichen Shetlandinseln vor der Westantarktis.
Die Insel ist 73 km lang und 34 km breit, die FlΓ€che betrΓ€gt 974 kmΒ². Sie liegt westlich der benachbarten Greenwich Island sowie nΓΆrdlich der Deception-Insel. Der hΓΆchste Punkt Livingstons ist mit 1700 Metern der Berggipfel Mount Friesland in den Tangra Mountains. Die Temperaturen im Sommer ΓΌberschreiten kaum 3 Β°C, im Winter kann es bis β14 Β°C kalt werden.
Die Insel wurde am 19. Februar 1819 vom englischen Seefahrer William Smith entdeckt und bereits kurz darauf von RobbenjΓ€gern aufgesucht.
Heute befinden sich auf Livingston einige antarktische Forschungsstationen, darunter die spanische Juan-Carlos-I.-Station und die bulgarische St.-Kliment-Ohridski-Station. Die Insel ist auch Station fΓΌr den Besuch von Kreuzfahrtschiffen.
Nach dem deutschen Politiker Manfred WΓΆrner wurde der hier vorhandene Bergsattel WΓΆrner Gap benannt.
Contents
β’ Karten
β’ Weblinks
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
Karten
β’ L. L. Ivanov: Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Topografische Karte im MaΓstab 1:120.000. Manfred-WΓΆrner-Stiftung, Troyan, 2009, ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4
β’ L. L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Smith Island. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Manfred WΓΆrner Foundation, 2017. ISBN 978-619-90008-3-0
Weblinks
Commons
: Livingston-Insel
β Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
β’ Ivanov, L. General Geography and History of Livingston Island. In: Bulgarian Antarctic Research: A Synthesis. Eds. C. Pimpirev and N. Chipev. Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, 2015. S. 17β28. ISBN 978-954-07-3939-7
β’ Ivanov, L.L. Livingston Island: Tangra Mountains, Komini Peak, west slope new rock route; Lyaskovets Peak, first ascent; Zograf Peak, first ascent; Vidin Heights, Melnik Peak, Melnik Ridge, first ascent. The American Alpine Journal, 2005. S. 312β315.
β’ Gildea, D. Mountaineering in Antarctica: complete guide: Travel guide. Primento and Editions Nevicata, 2015. ISBN 978-2-51103-136-0